Expositores estadounidenses del concepto "Expansion de conciencia de si"

Buscando conexiones con el metodo de ensenhanza que usa el PHD del DII me encontre con respetados autores estadounidenses del campo de la educacion. El concepto bajo el cual se desarrollan ideas muy similares a las del PHD es Transformative Learning. Uno de los autores que ha expandido la comprension del transformative learning hacia espacios que escapan al paradigma racionalista es Dirkx. Hay una rica literatura y una interesante teoria que aun esta en construccion.

Dirkx (1997) proporciona una visión sobre el aprendizaje transformativo que implica formas muy personales e imaginativas de saber - la manera del Mito más bien que de la razón-. Lo mítico refleja una faceta de saber a través de símbolos, imágenes, e historias. Dirkx (1997) describe el alma contando experiencias más que con una definición. “siendo sobrecogido por una puesta del sol, o impactado por el dolor y el desamparo frente al sufrimiento de otra persona. Sentimos el alma a través del arte, la música, y las películas. Es un momento mágico que trasciende la racionalidad para otorgar una profundidad, un poder, un misterio, y un profundo significado que conecta el ser con en el mundo.” (Cranton, 2005. p.50).

Future research in Transformative Learning

Taylor outlines 8 themes from the research published up until 2000: (1) transformative learning is uniquely adult; (2) TL appears to be linear, but not necessarily step-wise process; (3) the nature of a frame of reference and how it transform is unclear; (4) a disorienting dilemma usually initiates transformative learning; (6) discourse is equally dependent on relational ways of knowing; (7) context plays an important role in shaping transformative learning, but the influence of culture has not been well investigated; and (8) some characteristics of a learning environment that foster transformative learning have been identified, but more work needs to be done in this area. Based on his review Taylor suggests future research: (1) in-depth analyses of specific components of transformative learning that tend to be overlooked in the broader studies studies-for example, feeling such as anger, happiness, and shame, the management of emotion, and changes in behavior following transformation; (2) studies of how transformative learning is fostered in classroom; (3) new and varied research design and data collection techniques, including longitudinal research, observer participation, collaborative inquiry, action research, and quantitative studies

Definitions of entrepreneurship

Schumpeter (1934) "carrying out new combination"
Stevenson (1985) "entrepreneur is being driven by perception of opportunity rather than resources currently controled"
Gartner (1985) "as the creation of new organization"

Tiffin, S. (2004). Entrepreneurship in Latin America: Perspectives on Education and Innovation. pag 55. 1st Edition publishing by PRAEGER .

An Entrepreneurship Program for the University Simon Bolivar.

The Undergraduate Course.

To date, the course has been given 6 times, once each academic quarter (12 week), each course havin on average 25 student. the students who took thei course came from different fields in engineering and from chemistry, arquitectural, and urban studies. Apart from the students in production engineering, the rest had very little knowledge of business. At the beginning of each couse, I asked the students to answer a number of entrepreneurship related questions. Data was obtained from a total of 152 students.

In general, students perceived technological entrepreneurship as being a difficult endeavor. When asked to evaluate obstacles to entrepreneurship, student placed lack of financing as most important factor, followed by excess red tape on registering a business and other business transaction.

...access to financing is certainly a problem faced by small an medium size businesses in Latin America; however, manu of these problem have their roots in the lack of confidence that the financial institution have on the project proposed (grupo DCF 2002)--acceso de las pequenas y medianas empresas al financiamiento. Informe de trabajo. Division de micro, pequena y mediana empresa, departamento de desarrollo sostenible, BID.

Tiffin, S. (2004). Entrepreneurship in Latin America: Perspectives on Education and Innovation. pag 18. 1st Edition publishing by PRAEGER .

what suggestion can we make about further developing this field and getting the knowledge into curriculum, executive training, and public policy? First, the obvious-we need more research! More exactly, we need research carried out in conjunction with stakeholders. In other words, the research should not just be for the sake of academic publication but to take input from users who defines what the critical issues are, and who must be involved in applying the knowledge as well as funding its generation.