Future research in Transformative Learning

Taylor outlines 8 themes from the research published up until 2000: (1) transformative learning is uniquely adult; (2) TL appears to be linear, but not necessarily step-wise process; (3) the nature of a frame of reference and how it transform is unclear; (4) a disorienting dilemma usually initiates transformative learning; (6) discourse is equally dependent on relational ways of knowing; (7) context plays an important role in shaping transformative learning, but the influence of culture has not been well investigated; and (8) some characteristics of a learning environment that foster transformative learning have been identified, but more work needs to be done in this area. Based on his review Taylor suggests future research: (1) in-depth analyses of specific components of transformative learning that tend to be overlooked in the broader studies studies-for example, feeling such as anger, happiness, and shame, the management of emotion, and changes in behavior following transformation; (2) studies of how transformative learning is fostered in classroom; (3) new and varied research design and data collection techniques, including longitudinal research, observer participation, collaborative inquiry, action research, and quantitative studies